Kana tichitaura nezveindasitiri yemotokari yeGermany, zvinhu zvinotanga kuuya mumusoro mafambisirwo anoitwa BMW, humbozha hweMercedes{{0}Benz, uye kusimba kweVolkswagen. Nekudaro, vanhu vashoma vanoteerera kune "backstage heroes" inotsigira hunhu uhu - waya dzemotokari. Kana injini iri "moyo" wemotokari, ipapo waya dzemotokari ndiyo "midziyo" uye "tsinga" pamuviri wose. Uye mitsara yemotokari yeGerman (mitsara yeGerman yakajairwa) ine, neinenge "inotarisisa" tekinoroji pfungwa, yave "mari yakaoma" iyo vagadziri vemotokari dzepasi rose vari kukwikwidza kutora. Nhasi, ngatiburitse zvakavanzika zvayo zvemhando.
1.Beyond "Meeting Standards" : Chirevo cheGerman chinotsanangura sei "Beyond Curriculum" hunhu?
Mumunda wekugadzira maindasitiri, "zviyero" zvinowanzova pazasi. Nekudaro, iyo pfungwa yeGerman Standard Automotive Line ndeyekushandura zviyero kuita "madenga". Musiyano uyu mumifungo unogona kuratidzwa zvakajeka nezvirevo zvawo pazviratidzo zvakakosha.
Tora mashoko emuitisi semuenzaniso. Chiyero chepasi rose chinoda kuchena kwemhangura inoshandiswa muwaya dzemotokari kuita 99.9%, ukuwo mwero weGerman uchiisimudza zvakananga kusvika pa99.95% yemhangura yepamusoro-purity electrolytic copper. Usatore pasi iyi 0.05% kuwedzera. Inogona kuwedzera conductivity yewaya ne3% uye kuderedza kushorwa ne5%. Izvi hazvisi izvo chete zvinoderedza kurasikirwa kwesimba, asi zvinoderedzawo njodzi yemoto inokonzerwa nekupisa. Zvinonyanya kukosha, chiyero cheGerman chinodawo kuti makondukita ashandise "bundling + double twisting" kaviri-layer twisting process. Iyi nzira inogona kuwedzera kushanduka kwetambo ne 40%. Mune zvikamu zvemotokari chassis izvo zviri pasi pekutenderera kazhinji, hupenyu hwesevhisi hunowedzerwa nekanopfuura kaviri zvichienzaniswa newayawo zvawo.
Dhizaini yeiyo insulation layer inoratidza zvakare "yakanatswa kufunga" yeGerman standard. Zvinoenderana nekusiyana kwezvakatipoteredza munzvimbo dzakasiyana dzemotokari, chiyero cheGerman chakakamura 12 mhando dzemafomati ekumisa: iyo silicone rubber insulation layer yejini compartment, iyo inogona kumira nekukurumidza kupisa kwepamusoro panguva yekutanga injini; iyo PVC zvinhu zvenzvimbo yegonhi, iyo isingatseki kunyangwe mushure me100,000 nguva dzekuvhurwa kwegonhi nekuvhara bvunzo dzekukotama; muchinjiko-usingadzoreki{5}unobatanidza polyethylene pedyo netangi remafuta, unokwanisa kuzvidzima mukati memasekonzi matatu kana waiswa pamoto. Iyi "formula imwe yechikamu chimwe" yakagadziridzwa mwero inodarika zvinodiwa nenyika zhinji' "general-chinangwa" mwero.
2.Kubva muLabhoritari kuenda kuMugwagwa: Iyo "Yakanyanya Kuedzwa" yeGerman Standard Car Wires
Hunyanzvi hwemainjiniya eGerman hunoratidzwa zvakajeka mukuyedza maitiro emutsetse wemotokari. Vanotenda kuti "mutsara wemotokari wakakodzera unofanirwa kukwanisa kutsungirira mamiriro ezvinhu akanyanyisa mukati mehupenyu hwose hwemotokari." Nechikonzero ichi, Debiao yakagadzira mbiri yekuyedza system inovhara "yakanyanya nharaunda + yakanyanyisa mamiriro ekushanda", uye zvinhu zvakawanda zvekuyedzwa zvinotonzi neindasitiri iyi "abnormal level assessment".
Mukamuri yekuyedza kwezvakatipoteredza, waya dzemotokari dziri pasi pekutenderera kwe "-40 dhigirii kutonhora kwakanyanya → 80 dhigirii tembiricha yakakwira → 95% hunyoro hwepamusoro", nematenderedzwa gumi pazuva kwemazuva makumi matatu akateedzana. Insulation layer haifanire kuratidza kutsemuka kana kuputika. Muchikanika kuyedza kuneta, waya dzakaiswa pabhenji rekuyedza rinotevedzera kudedera kwechassis uye dzinozunguzwa pane frequency mazana matatu paminiti. Mushure memaawa mazana mashanu ekuramba achiyedzwa, chiyero chekuputsika kwemakondakita hachifanirwe kudarika 0.1%. Iyo yakanyanya kuomesesa bvunzo ndeye "chemical corrosion test". Iyo yekuyedza mvura inoshandisa zvakananga musanganiswa weanowanzo shandiswa injini oiri, brake fluid uye antifreeze mumotokari. Mushure mekunge waya dzakanyudzwa mairi kwemaawa 1 000, kuderera kwekudzivirira kwekudzivirira hakufaniri kudarika 10%.
Tichipindura kusimuka kwemotokari itsva dzine simba, chiyero cheGermany chakawedzera "high-voltage pulse test". Pamawaya akakwira{{2}magetsi emagetsi, anofanirwa kushingirira 10 10kV kukwira{4}}kukanganisa kwevoltage pulse mukati meminiti imwe, uye insulation layer haifanire kuboorwa. Iyi chiyero chekuedza inogadzirisa zvakananga nzvimbo dzakakwirira-dzinodzivirira kurwadza kwemagetsi emotokari itsva dzine simba uye zvakare yaita kuti German standard high-voltage wiring harnesses ive sarudzo yakakosha kuvagadziri vemotokari dzesimba seTesla neBYD.
3.Iyo "yesarudzo logic" yeGlobal automakers: Nei Mitemo yeGerman Ichifanira kushandiswa?
Mazuvano
Marudzi emota dzemuGermany akadai seVolkswagen, BMW neMercedes haangoiti chete mota dzedzimotokari dzemuGermany dzechiGerman -Benz dzinopa mota dzechiGerman semidziyo yakajairika, asiwo vanogadzira mota pasi rese seToyota, Ford neHyundai vatora zvigadzirwa zveGerman pamamodhi adzo epamusoro-. Kuseri kweizvi ndiko kutariswa chaiko kwevagadziri vemotokari ye "full life cycle cost".
Data kuratidza
Iyo modhi inoshandisa mawaya emotokari echiGerman ine mwero wekutadza kwemagetsi system inodarika 60% yakaderera pane yemhando dzinoshandisa waya dzakajairwa. Muindasitiri yemotokari, avhareji yemutengo wepashure-kugadziridzwa kwekutengesa kweimwe magetsi system kutadza kuita 2,000 yuan, uye paavhareji, kutadza kushanda kwemagetsi kunoitika ka3 kusvika kashanu mukati mehupenyu hwemotokari. Kumugadziri wemotokari ane huwandu hwekutengesa pagore hwemayuniti miriyoni, achishandisa waya dzemotokari dzeGerman, inogona kuchengetedza mari inosvika mazana emamiriyoni eyuan pamutengo-pagore.
Pamusoro pazvose
Iko "kuenderana" kwemaitiro eGerman kwakapa nyore kune vanogadzira mota. Mamiriro ekuonana uye mavara ewaya dzemotokari dzeGerman (zvakadai sewaya dzeorenji dzakakwira kumusoro-waya dzemagetsi uye nhema dzewaya dzekudzika pasi) zvese zvave magariro akajairika muindasitiri. Izvi zvinoreva kuti waya dzeGerman dzakajairwa dzakagadzirwa nevatengesi vakasiyana dzinogona kutsiviwa pamadiro, uye vagadziri vemotokari havafanire kuisa mari yekuwedzera R&D kugadzirisa zvigadzirwa kubva kune vakasiyana vatengesi. Uku kusanganiswa kwe "standardization + kuenderana" kwaita kuti mutsara wemotokari weGerman uve "mutauro wepasirese" mune yepasirese mota yekugovera cheni.
4.Ramangwana riri Pano: Maitiro eGermany angagadzirisa sei kune Zvitsva Zvitsva zveSmart Vehicles?
Nekuvandudzwa kwehungwaru hwekutyaira uye mota networking tekinoroji, basa remitsara yemotokari riri kubuda kubva ku "signal transmitters" kuenda ku "data transmission hubs". Kuzadzisa kudiwa kwemakumi emagigabytes ekufambisa data yemotokari pasekondi imwe neimwe, zviyero zveGerman zvakatungamira mukutanga kutsvagisa nekusimudzira chizvarwa chitsva chemitsara yemitsara yemotokari.
Parizvino, DIN (German Institute for Standardization) yakaburitsa gwaro reDIN/TS 70113 chiyero, chinopa "wiring + fiber optic" composite structure solution yepamusoro-zvinodiwa zvekufambiswa kwedata zvemotokari dzakangwara. Mawaya akaumbwa aya haangofambisi masiginecha emagetsi echinyakare chete asiwo kuwana ruzivo rwepamusoro-rwekumhanya kwedhata reEthernet kuburikidza neyakavakwa-mufiber optic, ine mwero wekufambisa unosvika 10 Gbps, zvichizadzisa zvinodiwa nesensor data transmission yeL4{9}}level intelligent driving. Panguva imwecheteyo, chiyero chitsva chinowedzerawo chinodiwa che "electromagnetic shielding", kuburikidza nekaviri-layer aluminium foil + yakarukwa net shielding chimiro, iyo attenuation rate yekukanganiswa kwemagetsi inowedzerwa kusvika 99.9%, kudzivirira kutapurirana kwedata kukanganiswa nemidziyo yakaita seinjini uye radar.
Kubva kumotokari dzechivanhu kuenda kumotokari dzesimba idzva, kubva pakutyaira kwakajairika kusvika pakutyaira kwakangwara, mutsetse wemotokari weGerman wagara uchitungamira tekinoroji yeindasitiri. Kubudirira kwayo hakusi mukutsvaga kwekupedzisira kwehutano, asiwo mukufanotaura kwakarurama kwemaitiro emabhizimisi. Zvichida iyi ndiyo yechokwadi yemakwikwi ekukwikwidza kwe "German Manufacturing" - kwete kuomerera kune zviyero zvakasimba, asi nguva dzose kutsanangura maitiro matsva.
